nike vs adidas Essay - 14192 Words

VS 1 A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATERGIES FOLLOWED BY NIKE AND ADIDAS TEAM MEMBERS ANUPAMA VENU CLAES JOTORP DEEPAK TUSHIR GUSTAV TENERZ SAIRAM KRISHNAN SANJAY SHARMA SUNANDA SURESH 09014 09126 09032 09128 09088 09090 09112 2 INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BRIEF ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY 1.2. BRIEF DEFINITON OF INDUSTRY 1.2.1.TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY 1.2.2.MARKET ANALYSIS 1.2.3.MAJOR PLAYERS AND MARKET SHARES 1.3. MAJOR FORCES SHAPING THE INDUSTRY 1.3.1.PORTERÍ›S FIVE FORCES 1.4. PREDICTION FOR 2009-2010 1.5. THE COMPANY AND MAJOR PRODUCT LINES 1.5.1.BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPANY 1.6. FLAGSHIP PRODUCTS, MAJOR PRODUCT LINES, RECENT FORAYS 1.7. HISTORY OF THE BRANDS 2. MARKETING STRATERGY 2.1.†¦show more content†¦The opening up of these markets has provided respite to the industry and they are making good us e of it. Already most of these firms use South Asia as their manufacturing base, to make use of the cheaper labour, in particular. Now they have a greater incentive to move to South Asia as their market seems to be shifting here too. MARKET ANALYSIS India has a large market for footwear and the brand loyalty is also growing. India is ranked the 4th largest economy by GDP (in purchasing power parity term) and is expected to rank 3rd during 2010, just being behind USA China in footwear industry both production and consumption. IndiaÍ›s GDP for footwear grew at the rate of 9.4% for the year 2008 -2009 the countryÍ›s GDP stood at Rs 54 lakh crore, translating into a per capita income of Rs 48,450, thus resulting in a compounded annual per capita income growth rate of 9.25 per cent during 1951-2009. If we analyze the consumption pattern of 70 different economies and segment them into low-income, middle-income and high-income brackets, we will observe that consumer 5 spending on food, beverages and clothing footwear account for 47 per cent, 34 per cent and 22 per cent of their total consumer expenditures, respectively . India is standing on the threshold of a retail revolution and witnessing fast changing retail landscape, with footwear market is set to experience phenomenal growth. India is the major source for supplyingShow MoreRelatedNike vs Adidas1039 Words   |  5 PagesNike, Inc. (IPA: / naÉ ªki/) (NYSE: NKE) is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton, near the Portland metropolitan area of Oregon. It is the world s leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue in excess of $18.6 billion USD in its fiscal year 2008 (ending May 31, 2008). As of 2008, it employed more than 30,000 people worldwide. Nike and Precision CastpartsRead MoreNike vs Adidas1379 Words   |  6 Pages1. Visit minimum 5 retailers of NIKE/ADIDAS and prepare a brief summary report of: a) Typical customer profile/demographic profile of the products of NIKE/ADIDAS shoes. b) Acceptance levels of the 2 brands in the consumers of your city. c) Consumer feedback for improvement, if any, of NIKE/ADIDAS. Ans: The Finally report After visit of Six Outlets of Nike Adidas: Introduction: As we know that both the brands NIKE and ADIDAS are having a very good reputed brandsRead MoreNike vs Adidas1127 Words   |  5 Pagesis to compare and identify the various marketing strategies followed by two of the world’s best sports company’s Adidas and Nike as they have been in rivalry for a long time. I would also like to find out the strengths and weakness of both the companies. INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANIES ADIDAS Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, golf company (including Ashworth), and Rockport. BesidesRead MoreNike vs Adidas2240 Words   |  9 Pagesstrategies of sport companies for Nike and Adidas. Introduction My area of study for this project would be more on comparing the performances for Nike and Adidas for the past 5 years. In this project I would explain the performance such as growth in profits, revenues, market share, the company employers and employees, size of the market share, steps for increasing the social performance, products performance, dividends per share, assets and the company investment. Nike and Adidas and have been the top twoRead MoreAdidas vs Nike Marketing Battle2963 Words   |  12 Pagesand Mix for athletic shoe brands in the UK: Adidas Vs Nike. Table of contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.3 2.0 Market and Literature Review 3.1 Nike Inc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.3 3.2 Business Segments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.3 3.3 Marketing mix: Nike†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.3 3.4 Adidas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.3 3.5 Marketing mix: Adidas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.4 3.6Read MoreFinancial Analysis: Nike Vs. Adidas4709 Words   |  19 PagesComparative Financial Analysis Nike Inc. vs. Adidas AG Submitted to: Dr. Ismail Gomaa By: Ghada Mahmoud Saafan 1/1/2010 CONTENTS Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................2 Methodology: ................................................................................................................................................................3 Nike Inc. ...............Read MoreFinancial Analysis: Nike Vs. Adidas4725 Words   |  19 PagesFinancial Analysis Nike Inc. vs. Adidas AG Submitted to: Dr. Ismail Gomaa By: Ghada Mahmoud Saafan 1/1/2010 CONTENTS Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................2 Methodology: ................................................................................................................................................................3 Nike Inc. ............Read MoreEssay on Promotion of Nike vs. Adidas1745 Words   |  7 PagesPROMOTION! NIKE Nike is the worlds #1 manufacturer and marketer of athletic footwear and apparel. Almost out of the blue, the company established itself as one of the worlds most familiar brands during the 1980s and 1990s.and now 2000s. As familiar as a Coke bottle or Big Mac, the Nike swoosh logo came to symbolize not just sports culture, but street culture, as the appeal of the star players who endorsed the brand was carried onto city streets. Nike is undisputed leader in sports-orientedRead MoreAdidas vs Nike Case Study2676 Words   |  11 PagesADIDAS GROUP OF COMPANY [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Adidas Executive Board is composed of four members who reflect the diversity and internationality of the Group: Herbert Hainer The Chief Executive Officer Glenn Bennett Responsible for Global Operations Robin J. Stalker Responsible for Finance Erich Stamminger Responsible for Global Brands Read MoreAdidas and Nike1270 Words   |  6 PagesADIDAS AND NIKE Nike and Adidas are two the largest sportswear companies of nowadays. They are the giants in the sportswear industry, which always introduce innovative products, in order to become the ultimate market leaders. Nike is an American multinational corporation, which produces footwear, clothes, equipment and other active sport items (Feifer 2014). The company was founded in 1964 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman. Nike uses specific method of advertising, which differentiates it from

History of biomaterials Free Essays

Earlier surgical procedures, whether they Involved bimetallism or not, were generally unsuccessful as a result of infection Bimetallism, Joyce Y Wong and Joseph D Brannon (Deeds), CRY press, Boca Orator, FL, 2007 3 asses: Bone plates were Introduced to lad In the fixation of long-bone fractures. Many of these early plates broke as a result of unsophisticated mechanical design; they were too thin and had stress-concentrating corners. Also, materials such as indium steel, which was chosen for its good mechanical properties corroded rapidly in the body and caused adverse effects on the healing processes asses: Stainless steels and cobalt chromium alloys were introduced and great success was achieved In fracture fixation, and soon Joint replacement surgeries were Bimetallism, Joyce Y Wong and Joseph D Bronzing (Deeds), CRY Press, Boca Orator, FL, 4 MAMA asses: During the World War II, it was found that pilots injured by fragments of plastic MAMA (polymath matriculate) aircraft canopy did not suffer adverse chronic reactions from the presence of the fragments in the body. We will write a custom essay sample on History of biomaterials or any similar topic only for you Order Now MAMA became ideal used after that time for corneal replacement and for replacements of sections of damaged skull bones 1950-asses: Following further advances in materials and in surgical technique, blood vessel replacements were tried in asses and heart valve replacements and cemented Joint replacements in asses 5 Year Investigators Late 18-19th century Development Metal devices to fix bone fractures; wires and century pins from Fee, Au, Gag, and Opt 1860-1870 J. Leister Aseptic surgical techniques 1886 H. Huntsman 1893-1912 W. A. Lane Steel screws and plates (Lane fracture plate) 1912 W. D. Sherman Vanadium steel plates, first developed or medical use; lesser stress concentration and corrosion (Sherman 1924 A. A. Zeroed Introduced Satellites@ (Corm alloy) 1926 M. Z. Lange Introduced 18-cosmos stainless steel, better than 18-8 stainless steel 6 Used carpenter’s screw for femoral neck fracture 1931 M. N. Smithereens First femoral neck fracture fixation device made of stainless steel 1936 C. S. Venerable, W. G. Stuck Introduced Vitality@ (19-9 stainless steel), later changed the material to Coir alloys 1938 P. Wiles First total hip replacement prosthesis 1939 J. C. Burch Introduced tantalum (Ta) ASSES M. J. Doreen, A. Franchisee First used replacement 1946 J. And R. Jude First phonemically designed femoral head replacement prosthesis. First plastics (MAMA) used acrylics (MAMA) corneal 7 1947 J. Cotton Introduced It and its alloys 1952 A. A leaflet in heart valve must flex 60 timer per minutes without tearing for the life time of a patient (10 years or more) 0 Bulk physical properties: The dialysis membrane has a specified permeability, the reticular cup of the hip Joint has a lubricity, and the intraocular lens has clarity and refraction requirements 13 Absorbability 0 Absorbability is the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application (Williams, 1987) 0 Thus, absorbability is the acceptance of a material by the surrounding tissues ND by the body as a whole. A objectionable material should not do exhibit following characteristics: (1) irritate the surrounding structures (2) provoke an abnormal inflammatory response (3) incite allergic or immunologic reactions (4) cause cancer 14 15 Performance of bimetallism the material properties, design, and absorbability of the material used, as well as other factors not under the control of the engineer, including the technique used by the surgeon, the health and condition of the patient, and the activities of the patient. If we can assign a numerical value f to the probability of allure of an implant, then the reliability can be expressed as r=l -f If, as is usually the case, there are multiple modes of failure, the total reliability art is given by the product of the individual reliabilities RL =(1 -FL),etc. Art=RL re 16 Inert and evocative bimetallism 0 Initially (asses-asses) the bimetallic designed were inert (not reactive with the body) to decrease the potential for negative immune response to the implant 0 Later (asses), the concept of inert bimetallic was replaced with that of evocative bimetallism. The evocative material interact with the body in a positive manner to remote localized healing Bimetallism – The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science,AS Tenement and GAG Mikes, Prentice Hall, 2009 17 Hard and Soft tissue replacement bimetallism 0 Bimetallism scientists must have an appreciation of material science. A wide range of materials are routinely used and no researcher will be comfortable in synthesizing and designing with all these materials and therefore specialization is the rule 0 There is tendency to group bimetallism into hard tissue replacement bimetallism (metals, ceramics for use in orthopedic and dental materials) and soft tissue placement bimetallism (polymers) for cardiovascular and general plastic surgery 0 Division is arbitrary though 18 Market perspectives (2008) 0 Mostly used devices are replacement heart valves, synthetic vascular grafts, hip and knee replacement, heart lung machine, renal dialysis equipment, and bone and dental implants 0 About 100,000 replacement heart valves; 300,000 vascular grafts; and 500,000 artificial Joint replacements are carried out in the United States every year 19 Do it yourself? 0 Assume that a bone implant (bone plate) leads to calcification. Will you consider it an appropriate or inappropriate host response? 20 How to cite History of biomaterials, Papers

Research Assignment Contracts Created by Electronic Means

Question: Discuss about theResearch Assignment for Contracts Created by Electronic Means. Answer: Introduction Now a day, it is a common preference of modern generation people to buy required products through e-commerce facilities rather than going to shops for the same purpose. That is the reason implementation and utilisation of e-commerce facilities for the customers is day by day increasing in almost every different business industry across the world. Even, e-commerce shopping is becoming greater preference to the modern generation customers over physical visits to the shops. As products and services are being sold through e-commerce medium it is very obvious that sales contracts are being formed between customers and organisations who are selling their products and services through e-commerce systems. That is the context where the use of e-contracts is the maximum[1]. Even, electronic contracts are formed for various other purposes but its general definition remains the same. An e-contract could be defined as the form of contract which is formed, specified, executed and deployed through utilising electronic or digital systems and software. In the context of e-commerce e-contracts could be defined as the form of contract which is formed in the course of e-commerce depending on the interactions of two or more parties or individuals utilising electronics software and systems like emails, computer programs and e-commerce business websites of concerned parties. The main topic of the below provided essay is contracts created by electronic means and the main aim of the study is to achieve better understanding about the creation of contracts by electronic means. By means of basic concept and elements e-contracts are very similar to the paper based traditional commercial contracts. The process and purpose for commercial contracts are also more or less same in both traditional and e-contracts. In both form of contracts vendors offer their products or services with specific prices and term and in response potential buyers select their options according to their product and service needs, negotiate about prices and terms if options are available, provides their acceptance through placing orders and make their payments[2]. All these processes are nearly same in e-contracts and traditional commercial contracts but the main difference between these two forms of contracts is that the former one is entirely performed by the contracting parties by means of electronic systems and software but the later one is generally formed through contract papers in the presence of two contracting parties. Hence the uniqueness of the formation process of e-contracts raises some newer and interesting technical and legal challenges which are the considered as a topic of discussion in this study. For the better recognition of the process of e-contract formation it is important to illustrate the process in terms of general contract elements. The first and the most significant element which initiates the need for the development of traditional commercial contract is offer. Offer in e-contracts is similar to traditional commercial contracts in terms of purpose as it is utilised by vendors or individuals to offer specific products or services to the potential customers with specified price and terms[3]. The difference is that offers are made through electronic means like e-commerce websites. However, product or service offerings made by online vendors through e-commerce websites may or may not be considered as legal offers as they are targeting any specified individual. The general concept of contract law considers an offer to be legally valid if an only if two specific parties intend to form a contract and show their positive intentions for performing the contractual duties. In case of e-contracts, advertisement for a product or service in an e-commerce website generally treated as invitations as they are open for every customer whoever wants to buy that specific product or service[4]. Hence in case of e-contracts the legally valid offers are considered through analysing the intentions of the customers for providing general or certain information to respond to the product offers made through e-commerce websites or other electronic means. Thus, in case of e-contracts the offers are made by the customers through filling up specific online forms provided in online vendors e-commerce websites which is considered as their affirmative response to the product offers. Product advertisements in e-commerce websites are made through providing all specific details about the products and terms for purchasing implied by the vendor so that consumer could make their offers without any confusion. Now the vendors could provide acceptance to the offers made by the customers through expressing confirmation or through conduct as well[5]. For the creation of a valid e-contract unequivocal and unconditional interaction of acceptance has to be made in terms of the offer. In case of e-contract the general receipt rule considers the delivery as the ultimate form of acceptance however there is not such conclusive rules for the settlement. The applicable rule of communication in terms of acceptance in e-contracts is majorly dependent on the possibility opt certainty for the message being received by the vendor party. If two contracting parties are directly connected to each other without depending on any server then both of the parties are able to detect the failure or partial transmission of the offer message and subsequently they could retransmit the full offer message for getting the valid acceptance for the offer[6]. However, in case of e-contracts contracting parties are connected to each other depending on common servers which make the actual point of receipt of the acceptance a significant factor to be considered for determining a legally valid e-contract. If the validity of the acceptance in e-contracts would be judged on the basis of postal rule then it is better to consider the trusted servers only because servers which are not trustable have greater possibilities for failure of offer message transfer or performance of the contract duties based on the acceptance. An online vendor could provide their acceptance for the offers made by the customers on their e-commerce website through showing acceptance or confirmation message to them but the performance of the contract liabilities ends with the delivery of the concerned products to the customers[7]. There is a wider range of considerations for the performance of the contractual liabilities in case of e-contracts. Some of the most significant and common considerations for the performance of e-contract liabilities are discussed in this segment of the study. It is mandatory for an e-commerce vendor to provide a list of key points for the targeted customers through including all needed specifications about the products they are offering so that offers could be made by the customers without having any confusion. The confirmation message to the consumers in response to their offers is a must for initiating the e-contract by primary acceptance[8]. The right of withdrawal is provided to the customers in e-contracts based on which they could avoid or cancel a deal even after making an offer if adequate information about the products or services is not provided. However, it should be mentioned that this withdrawal power of the customers is called as cooling-off period and it exists for 7 days from the day they have responded to a product or service advertisements in any e-commerce domain. Within the cooling-off period consumers in e-commerce business can withdraw deals, return the goods and reclaim the paid service charges based on solid reasons. Unless a consumer is allowing an e-commerce vendor for delayed delivery of the ordered product the validity of a legal e-contract lasts for 30 days from the day of offering made by the customer and within these 30days the vendor is bounded to deliver the ordered product. In case of fraudulent use of consumer credit cards through specific e-commerce websites the concerned online vendor would be responsible for the reimbursement of the capital to the customer[9]. On the other hand, there are many other considerations for the protection of the sellers or e-commerce vendors in e-contracts as well. The recommended approaches for the protection of e-commerce vendors are implementation of change back clauses and legal allowance fo r claiming prepayment form the buyers for establishing the online deals. Hence it could be said that the Directive in e-contracts for protecting the customers from non-trustable e-commerce vendors and also for protecting trustable e-commerce vendors from unknown buyers as well[10]. A party breaching the contract liabilities in e-contracts may face various consequences and liabilities based on the contract laws. Due to the uncertain nature of digital systems and networks utilised in e-commerce vending the sellers in e-commerce domain are liable to reimburse the paid capital to the customers or redeliver the exact ordered product if any misconduct occurs due to programming error and unintentional or deliberate mistakes of the employees. According to the Information Technology Act, 2000 additional security mechanism are also employed in e-contracts for ensuring better information security and other controls and also for limiting the exposure of liability as well[11]. Some of the examples in this regard are engagement of audit and control programmers, consideration of technical competence and accreditation for e-commerce websites, insurance for both vendors and buyers, compliance of the e-commerce vending process with recognised guidelines and practices and so on[1 2]. Now it is a matter to discuss that whether a party or buyer in an e-contract is able to withdraw a mistaken offer. The answer for this question could be both negative and positive. A buyer in an e-commerce business is always able to withdraw a mistaken offer within the cooling-off period of 7days as this period gives the costumers with the right for cancelling an e-commerce offer. It should be mentioned that consumers could withdraw their mistaken offers within the cooling-off period with specific reasons for the cancellation, such as inadequate sharing of product information, unjustified pricing or anything else. However, the right for the withdrawal of a mistaken offer in e-commerce deals is not provided to the customers after the expiry of the cooling-off period[13]. There is no requirement of solid clauses to the buyers for the withdrawal mistaken offers in e-commerce deals within the cooling-off period but after the end of this period mistaken deals cannot be withdrawn. Consumer s could ask for the exchange of goods or reimbursement of the service changes from the e-commerce vendors only with valid reasons and the reasons should also have to comply with the change back clauses implied by individual e-commerce vendors as well[14] . Now depending on the above discussions some specific issues could be identified with the procedure, formation and considerations in e-contracts. First of all there is no such strategy available for the customers to identify valid and trustable e-commerce vendors from other fraud parties who use e-commerce vending system for unethical trading practices. It is easy for anyone to pay valid money for the development of an e-commerce website and it could be utilised for both fair and unfair trading[15]. Hence, it could be concluded from the above study that the present legal considerations and liabilities for the formation of valid e-contracts is adequate enough for the smooth growth and development of the e-commerce vending sectors. However, there is lack of more strict rules for the prevention of fraudulent acts and misconducts made by buyers and sellers in e-commerce vending. The security for buyers and sellers is less compared to traditional commercial vending as there is no uncertainty for the valid formation of a contract[16]. The uncertain nature of the electronic systems and networks utilised for e-commerce vending is the main issue for the restricting smooth offering and acceptance process in e-contracts. However, the present growth and development of the technology and increasing importance of e-commerce vending to the modern generation customers could valid reasons for expecting more effective development of the procedures in near future. References Braytee, A., Gill, A. Q., Kennedy, P. J., Hussain, F. K.. A Review and Comparison of Service E-Contract Architecture Metamodels. In International Conference on Neural Information Processing (pp. 583-595). Springer International Publishing. (2015, November) Chesher, M., Kaura, R.. Electronic commerce and business communications. Springer Science Business Media. (2012) Chesher, M., Kaura, R., Linton, P. Electronic business commerce. Springer Science Business Media. (2013). Cunningham, P., Frschl, F.. Electronic business revolution: opportunities and challenges in the 21st century. Springer Science Business Media. (2013) Duan, Y., Zhou, H., Chang, Y., Huang, M., Chen, S., Elfaki, A., Du, W.. Characterizing e-service economics based on e-contract and driven by e-value. In Computer and Information Science (ICIS), 2013 IEEE/ACIS 12th International Conference on (pp. 143-148). IEEE. (2013, June) Fallah, M. R., Kheirandish, F. S.. Sail Right in Iran Law Electronic Contracts about International Regulation. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ ISSN 2356-5926, 2025-2037. (2016) Geva, B.. The law of electronic funds transfers. LexisNexis. (2015) Gurer, G. Y.. No Paper? No Problem: Ushering in Electronic Wills Through California's" Harmless Error" Provision. UC Davis L. Rev., 49, 1955-1987. (2016) Jain, H., Krishna, P. R., Karlapalem, K.. e-contract enactment system for effective e-governance. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 344-345). ACM. (2013, October) Kravari, K., Bassiliades, N., Governatori, G.. A policy-based B2C e-Contract management workflow methodology using semantic web agents. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 24(2), 93-131. (2016) Kravari, K., Papavasileiou, C., Bassiliades, N.. Knowledge-based e-contract negotiation among agents using semantic web technologies. In International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence (pp. 215-224). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. (2013, September) Madaan, N., Krishna, P. R., Karlapalem, K.. Consistency detection in e-contract documents. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 267-274). ACM. (2014, October) Petroons, J., Hanan, C. C., Bailey, A. G., Gupta, S. D., Mellyn, K. L., Saal, M., ... Mondschein, C.. U.S. Patent No. 8,712,887. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. (2014) Shaikh, A.. Recognition of E-Contract: Issues and Concerns. International Journal of Applied Financial Management Perspectives, 1(2), 107. (2012) Talon, A. F., Madeira, E. R. M., Toledo, M. B. F.. Self-Adaptive Fuzzy Architecture to Predict and Decrease e-Contract Violations. In Intelligent Systems (BRACIS), 2014 Brazilian Conference on (pp. 294-299). IEEE. (2014, October) Twigg-Flesner, C.. The Europeanisation of contract law: current controversies in law. Routledge. (2013)